Theodoros 170 is described as a pious and devout person: Vita Steph. Iun. 171, 5 (1177B) (εὐσεβὴς δέ τις ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι Θεόδωρος), 172, 22 (1180C) (θεοφιλὴς ἀνήρ), 173, 2 (1180D) (τὸν θεοφιλῆ Θεόδωρον). He is once referred to as Θεοδώρῳ τῆς Δαλμάτου: Vita Steph. Iun. 173, 26-27 (1181A). This suggests that he was associated with the monastery of Dalmatos at Constantinople, but he was not a monk as he had a wife and children (see below). When Stephanos 2 (Stephen the Younger) was dragged from prison through the streets dead, Theodoros followed discreetly behind and collected what remains he could: Vita Steph. Iun. 171, 5-9 (1177B). The date was 28 November, probably in 764. Then, after Stephen's body was thrown into the cemetery of Ta Pelagiou, he went to the monastery of Dios with the remains that he had managed to gather and told the hegoumenos (Anonymus 257) secretly what had occurred, and they then placed the remains in a casket, which they deposited in a place of safety: Vita Steph. Iun. 172, 22-173, 7 (1180C). Shortly afterwards Theodoros 170 was denounced as an iconophile and was exiled to Sicily with his wife and children (Anonyma 38 and Anonymi 11); subsequently, after he had been long forgotten, he was restored to his property in unexpected circumstances: Vita Steph. Iun. 173, 8-15 (1180D).

Some years after his exile Theodoros 170 and the hegoumenos of Dios were denounced to the emperor for what they had done (see Stephanites 1) and Theodoros 170 was summoned from Sicily to stand trial; the casket was to have been produced in evidence against them, but at the last moment it mysteriously vanished and was never seen again; Stephanites 1 was then punished and both Theodoros 170 and the hegoumenos (Anonymus 257) were restored to their property (τοῖς οἰκείοις): Vita Steph. Iun. 173, 17-174, 24 (1181A-C). See Auzépy, n. 446.

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