According to the List of Old Bulgar Rulers Bezmer 1's name was Bezmer and his family name was Dulo; he was ruler of the Bulgars for three years in succession to Kurt (Kobratos 1)(whose reign ended in 642): Runciman, First Bulgarian Empire, Appendix II, p. 273 ("Bezmer 3 years, his race Dulo, and his years shegor vechem"), p. 277 (for the chronology). His dates were presumably 642 to c.645. It was apparently during his reign that Asparuch 1 began his trek westwards; according to the List, Bezmer 1 and his predecessors "held their rule, with shorn heads, on the other side of the Danube for 515 years (see Runciman, op. cit., p. 278, on this figure); and after, there came prince Isperikh (i.e. Asparuch) to this side of the Danube where they are now". Kobratos 1 was supposedly succeeded by his sons, who all except one, Baianos 1, left their ancestral homeland (Old Great Bulgaria, north of the Caucasus and between the Don and the Volga). It is difficult to identify Bezmer 1 with any of them. See further Runciman, op. cit., p. 17 (suggesting that Bezmer 1 was son of Kobratos 1 and Kobratos 1's supposed "sons" were actually, some of them, his grandsons, and so interposing a generation between Kobratos 1 and Asparuch 1, filled by Bezmer 1).

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