Arkadios 1 was a monk; addressee of two letters from Theodoros 15 (Theodore the Stoudite), both written when Theodoros 15 was in exile under Leo V (Leo 15) and addressed Ἀρκαδίῳ μοναχῷ: Theod. Stud., Epp. 202, 390. Arkadios 1 had abandoned a secular career and life in the imperial palace and fled for love of God from the iconoclast heretics to live among mountains and caves with attendants (ὑπηρέταις: p. 324, line 6; perhaps monks rather than his former servants); Arkadios 1 is referred to as ἀδελφὲ ἠγαπημένε (p. 324, line 2): Theod. Stud., Ep. 202, pp. 324-325 (a. 816/818). Described as of noble birth and indeed nobler than the persons "from the East" (ὡς εὐγενὴς σὺ καὶ τῶν ἀφ' ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν εὐγενέστερος: p. 541, line 19; possibly an allusion to the emperor Leo V (Leo 15), who was an Armenian); he was subsequently arrested, beaten and exiled, and then brought back and beaten again; as a former imperial official, he was forced to work among the imperial weavers (εἰ δὲ ὅτι τοῖς ἱστουργοῖς σε συναρίθμησαν ὡς βασιλικὸν οἰκέτην, μὴ θαυμάσῃς: p. 541, lines 20-21); Theodoros 15 had written to him twice since his arrest, but he had not received the first letter; he is referred to as ἠγαπημένε (p. 541, line 2) and as ἀδελφέ μου τιμιώτατε (p. 541, line 10), and is addressed as γενναῖε στρατιῶτα Χριστοῦ (p. 541, line 24 - alluding to his secular career): Theod. Stud., Ep. 390, pp. 541-542 (a. 817/818).

In 821/824 (possibly in 823) Arkadios 1 was living in the home of another acquaintance of Theodoros 15, Abraamios 5: Theod. Stud. Ep. 440, pp. 619-620 (διὰ τὸν κοινὸν φίλον κύριον Ἀρκάδιον, τὸν σύντροφον λέγω καὶ σύμψυχον, ὃν καὶ περιέπεις ἐν τοῖς σοῖς, ὡς μανθάνω: p. 619, lines 12-14). The letter perhaps alludes to the rebellion of Thomas the Slav (Thomas 7) and so is dateable to 823.

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