Theodosios 20 was bishop of Kaisareia in Bithynia: Anastasius apocrisiarius, Acta Primi Exilii 136D. On 24 August of the previous fourteenth indiction (24 August 656) he visited Maximos 10 (Maximus the Confessor) in exile at Bizye in Thrace; he was sent by the patriarch Petros 2 and was accompanied by the hypatoi Paulos 91 and Theodosios 76, on behalf of the emperor (Konstans 1), and by the bishop of Bizye, Anonymus 666: Acta Primi Exilii 137A. They held a long conversation (Acta Primi Exilii 137A-160C) before they parted: Acta Primi Exilii 160C. On 9 September 656 (the day after Maximos 10 was transferred to the monastery of St Theodoros near Rhegion by Paulos 91) Theodosios 20 again visited him, accompanied by the patrikioi Troilos 3 and Epiphanios 50; Maximos 10 refused to obey the emperor (Konstans 1) and accept the Typos and received a severe beating from the patrikioi until Theodosios 20 stopped them: Acta Primi Exilii 162A-164C. Theodosios 20 was bishop of Kaisareia in Bithynia, who was involved in a discussion about the faith with Maximos 10 and secular officials: Mansi XIII 37 (mentioned in a text cited at the Second Council of Nikaia, Theodosios 20 is styled Θεοδοσίου ἐπισκόπου Καισαρείας τῆς Βιθυνίας).

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