Eudo 1 was the Frankish dux of Aquitania: Lib. Pont. 91. 11 ("Aquitaniae princeps; Francorum dux"). He wrote to inform pope Gregory II (Gregorios 72) that he had defeated an Arab army in Francia, with small losses to his own men; the incident is dated to the eleventh year after the Arab conquest of Spain; he attributed his small losses to the miraculous influence of three sponges once used at the pope's dining table which Gregory II had sent to him with a blessing the previous year: Lib. Pont. 91. 11. The date was probably 721 or 722 (cf. below). According to Paul the Deacon Eudo was ruler of Aquitaine ("Aquitaniae princeps") when the Arabs, ten years after invading Spain, began to occupy Aquitaine; at the time he was at odds with the ruler of the Franks, Charles Martel (Karoulos 2); they joined forces against the common enemy and inflicted a crushing defeat on them; Eudo also with his own forces attacked and took many Arab forts: Paul. Diac., Hist. Lang. VI 46. This event is referred to in the Frnkish Annals: cf. Duchesne, Lib. Pont., p. 412, n. 18, citing texts as follows. In the ninth year after the conquest of Spain ("nono anno") the Arabs under Sema (or Zama) attacked Narbo and then besieged Toulouse, where Eudo attacked and defeated them: Chronicon Moissiacense, p. 290 ("quam dum obsiderent, exiit obviam eis Eudo princeps Aquitaniae cum exercitu Aquitanorum vel Francorum et commisit cum eis praelium; et dum praeliare coepissent, terga versus est exercitus Saracenorum, maximaque pars ibi occidit gladio"); Isidorus Pacensis 11, p. 32 (ed. Tailhan) ("sicque Francorum gentes, tali de nuntio certae (i.e. about the siege of Toulouse), apud ducem eiusdem gentis Eudonem nomine congregantur; ubi dum utriusque exercitus acies gravi dimicatione confligunt, Zama ducem exercitus Saracenorum cum parte multitudinis congregatae occidunt, reliquum exercitum per fugam elapsum sequuntur"). On confusions in later sources (including the later recension of Lib. Pont., Paul. Diac., Hist. Lang. VI 46 and 54, and the Vita Liutprandi, MGH, Leg. IV, p. 647), see the remainder of Duchesne's note.

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